Saturday, April 6, 2019

Bootstrap Interview Questions & Answers

Bootstrap is a sleek and powerful front-end framework for building the responsive website. It was released in August 2011 by Twitter as an open source project. It is based on HTML, CSS and JavaScript. This article contains most commonly asked interview questions and answers in a Bootstrap or front-end development Interview.

  1. What is Bootstrap?

    Bootstrap is a mobile first front-end framework for easier web development with supporting all virtual devices. It uses HTML, CSS, JavaScript.

  2. Why we should use Bootstrap?

    Every browser can support bootstrap features. With the knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript anyone can start working with Bootstrap. Bootstrap responsive CSS adjusts to Desktops, Mobiles, and Tablets. It provides web-based customization. Bootstrap is open source. It can be used for mobile first design styles using the entire library instead of separate and different files.

  3. What are Responsive websites?

    Responsive means a website can be used on any platform with all types of screen size. A platform like it may be a desktop, laptop, tablet or smartphones. It automatically adjusts with changing the width and height of the screen.
    In today’s era, people, as well as business, follow the smartphones for their personal and professional use. So, bootstrap is the best choice to make the website one time and it supports all kinds of devices.

  4. What are the features of Bootstrap v4?

    The initial release of bootstrap v4.x was 4.0 and the final release in 2018-2019 is 4.2 ;
    • The toast component is added for showing notifications
    • The spinner component is added for loading
    • The utility class .text-decoration-none is added
    • The bootstrap-grid.css file updates the margin and padding of the grid system
    • The .modal-xl class is used for modals
    • The .font-weight-lighter and .font-weight-bolder are added as utility classes
    • The validation styles for file inputs is added with new features
    • The print feature of dark tables is updated with new quality
    • The new utility class .dropdown-item-text is added for dropdown items
    • The Tooltips supports Shadow DOM
    • The double transitions issue on carousels is improved now

  5. What is a Source map file?

    A source map file allows the web debuggers to refer to the original context from where the code was generated. The file has the .map extension.

  6. How to make images responsive using bootstrap3?

    We can make responsive images using .img-responsive class. Let’s see the code,
      

    1. <div class="container">
      2. 

    2. <img class="img-responsive" src="images/Satya.jpg" alt="Responsive"/><div>
      3.

  7. How to create responsive images in Bootstrap 4?

    Bootstrap 4 works with .img-fluid to build responsive images. Let’s see the code,
      

    1. <div class="container">
      2. 

    2.  <img src="/Satya/Pics/Name.jpg" class="img-fluid" alt="">
      3. 

    3. </div>
      4.

  8. How to make videos responsive in bootstrap3?

    We can create responsive using a .embed-responsive class. Then we will add the .embed-responsive-item class to an <iframe> tag. Let’s see the code,
      

    1. <div class="container">
      2. 

    2. <div class="embed-responsive">
      3. 

    3. <iframe class="embed-responsive-item"src="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrxtdnFenZ5aDVQmHv2iGGg/videos?view_as=subscriber&disable_polymer=1"></iframe>
      4. 

    4. </div>
      5. 

    5. </div>
      6.

  9. How to make tab component using bootstrap?

    We can create nav components such as tabs using Twitter Bootstrap. You can use .nav-tabs class with the base class .nav. 
      

    1. <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
      2. 

    2. <li class="active"><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
      3. 

    3. <li><a href="#">Details</a></li>
      4. 

    4. <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
      5. 

    5. </ul>
      6.

  10. How many types of classes are used in Bootstrap3 to create a responsive page layout?

    There are 4 types of bootstrap grid classes. we can create grid column layouts extra small devices like mobile phones to large devices like large desktop screens. 
    .col-xs-* : This class is used for extra small device like smart phone (Size<768px)
    .col-sm-*: This class is used for small device like tablets (size>=768px)
    .col-md-*: This class is used for medium device like laptops and small size desktop CRT screen (size >=992px)
    .col-lg-* : This class is used for large device like flat screen or large size desktop (size>=1200px)

  11. How to hide elements in Bootstrap3 based on device?

    This can be possible using hidden utility classes. See
    hidden-xs-* : Hide the elements only on extra small de
    hidden-sm-* : Hide the elements only on small devices
    hidden-md-*: Hide the elements only on medium devi
    hidden-lg-*: Hide the elements only on larger devices.

  12. How to visible elements based on device screen?

    This can be possible using hidden utility classes. See the below classes,
    visible-xs-*: Visible the elements only on extra small de
    visible-sm-*: Visible the elements only on small devices.
    visible-md-*: Visible the elements only on medium devi
    visible-lg-*: Visible the elements only on larger devices.

  13. How to show certain elements for printing purpose?

    visible-print class is visible for printing purpose. Let’s see the code,
      

    1. <div class="container">
      2. 

    2. <div class="row">
      3. 

    3. <div class="col-xs-10 visible-print">
      4. 

    4. <!--It is visible when printing.-->
      5. 

    5. </div>
      6. 

    6. </div>
      7. 

    7. </div>
      8.

  14. What is the grid size in Bootstrap 4?

    Bootstrap 4 supports 5 tier grid system. The below lists for different screen sizes of device,
    Extra small <576px :
    • Width container will be auto.
    • Here class prefix is .col-.
    • A number of columns will be 12.
    • It can be nestable.
    • It supports column ordering.
    Small =576px :
    • Width container will be 540px.
    • Here class prefix is .col-sm-.
    • A number of columns will be 12.
    • It can be nestable.
    • It supports column ordering.
    Medium =768px :
    • Width container will be 720px.
    • Here class prefix is .col-md-.
    • A number of columns will be 12.
    • It can be nestable.
    • It supports column ordering.
    Large =992px:
    • Width container will be 960px.
    • Here class prefix is .col-lg-.
    • A number of columns will be 12.
    • It can be nestable.
    • It supports column ordering.
    Extra large =1200px :
    • Width container will be 1140px.
    • Here class prefix is .col-xl-.
    • A number of columns will be 12.
    • It can be nestable.
    • It supports column ordering.

  15. How to create a bootstrap tooltip using jQuery?

    Using data-toggle attribute that means include data-toggle="tooltip" to the element and initialize it using jQuery. For setting the tooltip message include the title attribute to the element.
    Let’s see the code,
      

    1. <button class="btn btn-primary" tooltip="The title message is shown"
      2. 

    2. data-toggle="tooltip">
      3. 

    3.  Click Here
      4. 

    4. </button>
      5. 

    5.  
      6. 

    6. <script type="text/javascript">
      7. 

    7.  $(document).ready(function () {
      8. 

    8.  $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip();
      9. 

    9.  });
      10. 

    10. </script>
      11.

  16. How to set alert using JavaScript?

    To create an alert, I can use the alert class. Types of alert contextual classes are mentioned below,
    1. alert-danger: This can be used for error purpose.
    2. alert-success: This can be used for success purpose.
    3. alert-danger: This can be used for information purpose.
    4. alert-warning: This can be used for warning purpose.
    First, create a button element for click event and then create div element with ID and message information.
      

    1. <button id="btnAlert" class="btn btn-primary">
      2. 

    2.  Alert
      3. 

    3. </button>
      4. 

    4.  
      5. 

    5. <div id="dvAlert" class="alert alert-danger collapse">
      6. 

    6. <a href="#" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</a>
      7. 

    7. <strong>Error!</strong> Check once using unit test.
      8. 

    8. </div>
      9. 

    9.  Next step is to mention div id inside button click event using jquery.
      10. 

    10. <script type="text/javascript">
      11. 

    11.  $(document).ready(function () {
      12. 

    12.  
      13. 

    13.  $('#btnAlert').click(function () {
      14. 

    14.  $('#dvAlert').show('fade');
      15. 

    15.  });
      16. 

    16.  
      17. 

    17.  });
      18. 

    18. </script>
      19.

  17. How to toggle a drop-down menu using JavaScript?

    Using .dropdown-toggle class of an anchor link or a button using JavaScript.
      

    1. <button class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown">
      2. 

    2.  Dropdown menu
      3. 

    3. <span class="caret"></span>
      4. 

    4. </button>
      5. 

    5. <script>
      6. 

    6.  $(document).ready(function () {
      7. 

    7.  $(".dropdown-toggle").dropdown();
      8. 

    8.  });
      9. 

    9. </script>
      10.

  18. What is the relationship between Sass and bootstrap?

    SASS is a stylesheet language and CSS pre-processors. It should be compiled into CSS and that can be understood by the Web browser. The files are written in SASS that have the. scss extension. The complete Bootstrap 4 CSS source is written in the SASS language.
    The Bootstrap 4 CSS files are compiled using a SASS compiler i.e. A.K.A pre-processor. SASS is the best way to way to customize Bootstrap.

  19. What is the difference between Bootstrap v3 and v4?

    Bootstrap 4 is the latest version of Bootstrap. It is the most popular framework including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. New components are added in Bootstrap 4. The final release in 2018-2019 is 4.2:
    COMPONENTS
    BOOTSTRAP v3
    BOOTSTRAP v4
    font size
    The global font size is 14px
    The global font size is 16px
    primary CSS unit
    The primary CSS unit is px
    The primary CSS unit is rem
    source CSS files
    The source CSS files are named as LESS
    The source CSS files are named as SCSS
    grid system
    It has 4 tier grid system(These are xs, sm, md, lg)
    It has 5 tier grid system(These are xs, sm, md, lg, xl)
    offset columns
    It implements col-*-offset-* classes to offset columns
    It uses offset-*-* classes to offset columns
    inverse tables
    The inverse table is not supported
    Uses inverse tables by .table-dark
    condensed tables
    The .table-condensed is used for condensed tables
    The .table-sm is used for condensed tables
    contextual table classes
    It doesn't contain .table- prefix for its contextual classes
    It contains .table- prefix for its contextual classes
    radio buttons
    It uses .radio, .radio-inline to display radio buttons
    It uses .form-check-input, .form-check-inline to display checkboxes
    checkboxes
    It uses .checkbox, .checkbox-inline to display checkboxes
    It uses .form-check, .form-check-label to display radio buttons
    input controls size
    It uses .input-lg and .input-sm to customize the size of an input controls
    It uses form-control-lg and .form-control-sm to customize the size of an input controls
    label size
    It doesn't contain any classes for changing form label size
    It uses .col-form-label-sm and .col-form-label-lg to customize the size of a label
    help text
    It uses .help-block class to show help text
    It uses the .form-text class to show help text
    form legends
    It has no classes for making the form legends
    It uses .col-form-label on legend elements
    validation styles
    It contains validation styles for validating states on form controls(like .has-warning)
    It doesn't contain validation styles
    custom forms
    It doesn't support custom forms
    It supports custom forms
    buttons
    It contains .btn-default and .btn-info classes but .btn-secondary is not found
    It contains the .btn-secondary, .btn-light, and .btn-dark classes
    outline button
    It doesn't contain the outline button
    It supports .btn-outline-* classes for adding styles buttons using an outline colour
    button sizes
    It uses .btn-xs for button sizes
    The .btn-sm and .btn-lg are used but .btn-xs class is no longer available
    responsive images
    It uses .img-responsive class for responsive images
    It uses .img-fluid class for responsive images
    image alignment
    It uses .pull-right, .pull-left for right and left image alignment
    It uses .pull-*-right and .pull-*-left for right and left image alignment
    block level images
    It uses .center-block to align block level images
    It uses .m-x-auto to align block level images
    Dropdown header
    It uses li tags to build dropdowns with .dropdown-header
    It uses to h1 - h2 tags to build dropdowns with .dropdown-header
    Divider in dropdown
    It uses .divider class to the li element to make lists of build dropdowns
    It uses .divider class to the div element to make lists of build dropdowns
    disable menu items
    It uses the .disabled class to the li element to disable menu items
    It uses .disabled class to the <a> element to disable menu items
    Nav inline
    There is no .nav-inline class
    It uses the .nav-inline class for specifying navs to be displayed inline
    navbar alignment
    It uses .navbar-right, .navbar-left for navbar alignment
    It uses .mr-auto for navbar alignment
    Fixed navbar
    It uses .navbar-fixed-top and .navbar-fixed-bottom for setting navbar in top or bottom
    It uses .fixed-top and .fixed-bottom for setting navbar in top or bottom
    glyphicons
    It supports glyphicons
    It doesn’t support glyphicons
    carousel item
    It uses .item class for carousel item
    It uses .carousel-item class
    affix
    It supports affix
    It doesn’t support it
    Thumbnails
    It supports thumbnails
    It doesn’t support it
    Wells and Panels
    It supports both
    It doesn’t support it
    cards
    It doesn’t support it
    It supports cards instead of affix, thumbnails, wells and panels

  20. What are cards in Bootstrap 4?

    Bootstrap 4 uses cards by replacing panels, wells, and thumbnails. Bootstrap 4 uses .card and .card-body classes to an element to make container. It adds .card-title to heading elements and It uses .card-text to text elements.
    Let’ see code,
      

    1. <div class="container-fluid">
      2. 

    2.  <div class="card card-body">
      3. 

    3.  <h4 class="card-title">Name</h4>
      4. 

    4.  <p class="card-text">My name is Satyaprakash</p>
      5. 

    5.  <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">More Detilas>></a>
      6. 

    6.  </div>
      7. 

    7. </div>
      8.
at

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